Rapid Phenotypic and Metabolomic Domestication of Wild Penicillium Molds on Cheese

Industrial cultures of filamentous fungi are used to add unique aesthetics and flavors to cheeses and other microbial foods. How these microbes adapted to live in food environments is generally unknown as most microbial domestication is unintentional. Our work demonstrates that wild molds closely related to the starter culture Penicillium camemberti can readily lose traits and quickly shift toward producing desirable aroma compounds. In addition to experimentally demonstrating a putative domestication pathway for P. camemberti , our work suggests that wild Penicillium isolates could be rapidly domesticated to produce new flavors and aesthetics in fermented foods.