Determination of the effects of different Bacillus sp. strains and proteins (Cry1, Cry3 and Cry4) on Varroa destructor and Galleria mellonella

ABSTARCTHoneycomb pests, bacteria, parasites, fungi, viruses, unconscious pesticide use, water, air, environmental pollution and severe climate change cause significant colony losses. The aim of this study was to see how locally isolated Bacillus strains and proteins isolated from different locations affect bee diseases and pests. In this study, Bacillus sp. strains isolated from soil (TB1), bee (AB1), wax moth (GB1) (Galleria mellonella), boxwood pest (CB1) (Cydalima perspectalis) and Varroa destructor were analyzed. In addition, the effects of Cry 1, Cry 3 and Cry 4 proteins obtained from Cry protein screening on Bacillus sp. strains were also examined. It was observed that a total of four Bacillus sp. strains were effective against both wax moth and Varroa destructor. Since bacteria and proteins are applied through food in each application, they are given to their food and transferred to the pests. According to the results obtained as a result of the application, the effect of GB1 bacteria on wax moth was 83.3% and the effect of AB1 bacteria on Varroa destructor was 66.6%. Cry1 protein was found to cause 73.66% mortality, especially in wax moth and was significantly different from the other groups (F (2,6) = 68.83; p < 0.05). It was determined that the mortality values of GB1 isolate and Cry4 protein on Varroa destructor were equal at the end of the experiment (p > 0.05). According to the data obtained in this context, the strain with the highest results has the potential to be used for future formulation studies.