Lessons on Marine Protected Area Management in Northern Boreal Regions from the United States and Norway

In comparison to tropical reef systems, relatively few marine protected areas (MPA's) exist in temperate or subarctic systems (e.g., North Pacifi c and North Atlantic) where species diversity is lower, abundance of individual species is often higher, and many fi sh species exhibit large amounts of movement during one or more of their life stages, especially as adults. A review of MPA's in three northern areas-the Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, and the Northeast Pacifi c-indicates that MPA's can be useful management tools towards fi sheries management and habitat conservation. However, achieving fi shery goals,