Experimental study demonstrates high catalytic stability during levulinic acid hydrogenation to gamma-valerolactone, indicating a durable system for biomass upgrading.
A self-prepared 0.85 wt% Ru/ZrO ₂ @C catalyst shows an excellent stability for hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone upon catalyst reuse experiments.
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Cao et al. (2017) studied this question.
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