Shade Management Systems to Reduce Heat Stress for Dairy Cows in Hot, Humid Climates

THE benefits of providing shade for dairy cows are reported based on over 8 yr of research. Production benefits that are attributable to a well-designed shade management system are increases in milk production, reproductive efficiency and milk production in subsequent lactation. Major design and management considerations for shade management structures that are presented and discussed are orientation, space, floor, height, ventilation, roof construction, feeding and watering facilities, and waste management system.