A guide to support the integration of marine protected areas into maritime spatial planning

Marine protected areas can contribute to achieving biodiversity targets, especially when embedded in maritime spatial planning (MSP). Drawing on a screening of European MSP, this work presents a framework spanning pre-planning, planning and implementation. At each stage, it combines Strategic Environmental Assessment, a Criteria Checklist, and Strategic Recommendations to align conservation objectives, blue-economy activities and the rights and needs of coastal communities, supporting a more just, healthy and productive ocean.