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August 8, 2026CriminologyOpen Access

Christian nationalism, race, and contingent support for law enforcement: Results from two survey experiments

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Authors

CSChristopher H. SetoPBPopy BegumDSDarci K. Schmidgall

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Overview

Survey experiments reveal that support for law enforcement among Christians is influenced by perceptions of racial and cultural out-groups.

Key Points

  • The study aims to understand how Christian nationalism affects support for law enforcement across different contexts.
  • Analyzed two national surveys with embedded question-wording experiments.
  • Investigated associations between Christian nationalism and favorability toward different law enforcement agencies.
  • Found a modest positive association between Christian nationalism and favorability towards police.
  • In 2022, there was a strong negative association between Christian nationalism and favorability toward U.S. Capitol police.
  • In 2025, there was a strong positive association with favorability toward U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers.

Cite This Study

Seto et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a76dacaf12abadc79815690https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.70066
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