Comparative Analysis of Biomass Co-firing technologies for coal-fired power plants in Vietnam using the AHP and TOPSIS methods

Biomass co-firing for coal-fired power generation is a technically feasible and cost-effective solution to reduce CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions and has been widely implemented in many countries. Globally, three biomass co-firing technologies, including direct co-firing, indirect co-firing, and parallel co-firing, have been commonly adopted, each offering distinct advantages and limitations. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted in Vietnam to assess and compare these three technologies with respect to technical performance, economic viability, environmental impact, and other relevant factors. This paper aims to address this gap by developing a set of key evaluation criteria covering technology, economics, and environment, and applying a combined AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methodology to evaluate and select the most suitable co-firing technology for Vietnam. The results indicate that direct co-firing offers significant advantages and is the most appropriate technology for retrofitting existing coal-fired power plants in Vietnam.