P-Wave Morphology Assessment by a Gaussian Functions-Based Model in Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Aim of this study was to present a P-wave model, based on a linear combination of Gaussian functions, to quantify morphological aspects of P-wave in patients prone to atrial fibrillation (AF). Five-minute ECG recordings were performed in 25 patients with permanent dual chamber pacemakers. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, including patients with and without AF episodes in the last 6 mo preceding the study, respectively. ECG signals were acquired using a 32-lead mapping system for high-resolution biopotential measurement (ActiveTwo, Biosemi, The Netherlands, sample frequency 2 kHz, 24-bit resolution). Up to 8 Gaussian models have been computed for each averaged P-wave extracted from every lead. The P-wave morphology was evaluated by extracting seven parameters. Classical time-domain parameters, based on P-wave duration estimation, have been also estimated. We found that the P-wave morphology can be effectively modeled by a linear combination of Gaussian functions. In addition, the combination of time-domain and morphological parameters extracted from the Gaussian function-based model of the P-wave improves the identification of patients having different risks of developing AF.