Factors Influencing Metabolism and Toxicity of Metals: A Consensus Report

The relationships between metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury and other factors that quantitatively and qualitatively modify their metabolism and toxicity are surveyed. Interactions are examined by scientists from a variety of fields covering biochemistry, ecology, epidemiology, nutrition, occupational health, and toxicology. Evidence of interactions among arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, and between these elements and selenium, calcium, copper, zinc, and iron is considered. There is ample evidence from animal experiments that many interactions occur. The enhancing influence of marginal essential element intake on cadmium absorption and the deleterious effects of cadmium on essential metal metabolism may have public health implications in populations with borderline dietary status. The possibility of interaction between irritating substances, like tobacco smoke, and the toxicity of metals is discussed. (312 references)