Why the study?
Scientific evidence on risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting after antiemetic prophylaxis is unsatisfactory, creating a need to identify factors associated with failed prophylaxis.
What factors are associated with failed prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia?
What factors are associated with failed prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia?
Female sex and the use of desflurane during surgery are significant risk factors for the failure of pharmacological antiemetic prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting.
May identify PONV risk factors after prophylaxis; leaves open whether targeted interventions reduce incidence in surgical patients.
Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) negatively impact patients undergoing surgical procedures under anesthesia. The scientific evidence on the risk factors for PONV after antiemetic prophylaxis is unsatisfactory, so there is a need to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of PONV. Objective: To identify the factors associated with failed prophylaxis for PONV in patients at Fundación Valle del Lili in 2017. Methods: Case–control study. Patients admitted to the postanesthesia care unit after having undergone surgery under general anesthesia were included. The cases were patients who, despite receiving antiemetic prophylaxis, had PONV, and those who did not develop these symptoms after prophylaxis, were considered the control group. A bivariate analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, or χ2, according to the type of variable. Finally, crude odds ratios were estimated and subsequently adjusted via a logistic regression. Results: A total of 80 cases and 332 controls were included. The median age for all patients was 47 years. Women represented 61.6% (n = 254). The variables associated with PONV were age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–0.99, P = 0.013), female (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.66–5.47, P < 0.001) and the use of desflurane during surgery (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.09–7.30, P < 0.032). Conclusion: Female sex and the use of desflurane during surgery increase the odds of experiencing PONV, regardless of pharmacological antiemetic prophylaxis. Moreover, elderly patients show lower odds of developing this complication. Resumen Introducción: La náusea y el vómito postoperatorios impactan negativamente en los pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos bajo anestesia. La evidencia científica sobre los factores de riesgo para náusea y vómito postoperatorios después de profilaxis antiemética es insatisfactoria, por lo que es necesario identificar los factores asociados con su presentación. Objetivo: Establecer los factores asociados con la profilaxis fallida de náusea y vómito postoperatorios en pacientes de la Fundación Valle del Lili en el 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron los pacientes que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos luego de haber sido intervenidos quirúrgicamente bajo anestesia general. Los casos fueron los pacientes que a pesar de recibir profilaxis antiemética presentaron náusea y/o vómito postoperatorio, mientras los controles fueron aquellos que no presentaron estos síntomas después de la profilaxis. Se realizó un análisis bivariado con la U de Mann-Whitney, el test exacto de Fisher o Χ2, según el tipo de variable. Finalmente, se estimaron odds ratios crudos que posteriormente fueron ajustados por medio de una regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 80 casos y 332 controles. La mediana de edad para todos los pacientes fue 47 años. Las mujeres representaron el 61,6% (n = 254). Las variables asociadas con náusea y vómito postoperatorios fueron: edad (OR = 0,98, IC 95% 0,96–0,99; p = 0,013), ser mujer (OR = 3,02, IC 95% 1,66–5,47; p < 0,001) y el uso de desflurano durante el procedimiento quirúrgico (OR = 2,82, IC 95% 1,09–7,30; p < 0,032). Conclusiones: El sexo femenino y el uso de desflurano durante el procedimiento quirúrgico aumentan la oportunidad de tener náusea y vómito postoperatorios, a pesar de una profilaxis farmacológica antiemética. Por otra parte, en pacientes con edades mayores se observa una disminución de la oportunidad de presentar esta complicación.
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Zamudio‐Castilla et al. (2019) studied this question.
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