Acute Aortic Dissection: Update on Diagnosis and Application of Endovascular Therapy of Emergency

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) describes emergency aortic diseases. In 80% of patients, the AAS presents itself as an Acute Dissection of Aorta (ADA). It’s worth pointing out that the traumatic etiology of this condition has great relevance regarding morbidity and mortality. This is fact that the Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Dissection (TTAD), usually occurs from a contuse injury, product of an abrupt deceleration, especially in men and individuals with overweight or obesity, which have a history of smoking and heart surgeries. Early diagnosis of ADA is indispensable, since patients who arrive alive at the hospital, have high probability of death in a short period of time if not treated properly, especially those who have been victims of some traumatic event earlier. In this context, the endovascular approach has become the treatment of choice for acute surgical emergencies involving the descending thoracic aorta. Moreover, it should be considered as a first-line option in the conduct of any emerging conditions that involve this region of the aorta. It is important to note that the longevity and durability of this technology throughout the life of young patients remains to be elucidated.