Exploring the pharmacological potential of Red Sindhi Cow urine: An in vivo approach

Cow urine, a key component of traditional Indian medicine, has been used for centuries for its various therapeutic properties. And this is the reason that the breed of cows is recognized and given importance in India on the basis of the quality of cow urine. Among the indigenous breeds, Red Sindhi cows are known for their high-quality urine, believed to possess a wide range of pharmacological potentials, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects. This review comprehensively covers in vivo studies that have been conducted to evaluate the pharmacological properties of cow urine, specifically from the Red Sindhi breed. Besides, the summary of the findings of relevant research, the article also discusses the mechanisms of action, potential for therapeutic application, and future research prospects.