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Controllable biaxial and uniaxial nanowrinkles (see figure) are fabricated by a simple two-step approach — metal deposition and subsequent heating — based on shape memory polymer (prestressed polystyrene) sheets. The wavelengths of the wrinkles can be tuned by controlling the thickness of deposited metal. The ready integration of the nanowrinkles into microchannels and their effectiveness in surface enhanced sensing is demonstrated.
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Fu et al. (2009) studied this question.
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