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Temperature-controlled reversible surface protrusions can be made on NiTi shape memory alloys and thin films as a result of indentation induced two-way shape memory effect. First, spherical indents or scratches are made on the surface of a NiTi alloy in its martensite phase. Second, the indented or scratched surface is planarized to restore a flat surface. Reversible circular and line protrusions are produced by altering the temperature to drive the martensite to austenite phase transformation. This phenomenon can be exploited for a wide range of optical, tribological, and microelectromechanical device applications.
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Zhang et al. (2006) studied this question.
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