MARSHALL, JOHN L., NORMAN JOHANSON, THOMAS L. WICKIEWICZ, HENRY M. TISCHLER, BERTRAM L. KOSLIN, SUSAN ZENO, and AL MYERS. Joint looseness: a function of the person and the joint. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise. Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 189–194, 1980. In order to evaluate whether joint-looseness is a function of a particular joint and/or a characteristic of the person (a trait), 124 male and female subjects varying in age from 6 to 18 were tested. Evidence was found that joint-looseness is a trait. The validity of the trait measure was enhanced by finding significant negative correlations with age and performance. Although females were significantly looser on some joint-looseness tests, they were not looser on the trait indicator.
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Marshall et al. (1980) studied this question.