Evaluation of the association of serum glypican-4 with prevalent and future kidney function

Figures

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  Figure 1. Association between glypican-4 levels and kidney function. Glypican-4 levels are expressed as median with interquartile range. (a) Estimated glomerular filtration rate categories are assigned as follows: G1: eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 196); G2: eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 227); G3a: eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 23); G3b: eGFR 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 9); G4: eGFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 1); due to the low number of G4 subjects, G4 was combined with G3b; (b) Albuminuria categories are based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and are assigned as follows: A1: ACR < 30 mg/g (n = 357); A2: 30–300 mg/g (n = 83); A3: ACR > 300 mg/g (n = 16). (c) Chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk categories of the prognosis of CKD are based on eGFR and albuminuria categories according to the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD4 revealing that 341 subject were at low risk, 84 patients were at moderately increased risk, 20 patients were at high risk, and 11 patients were at very high risk. CKD, chronic kidney disease; GPC4, glypican-4. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.005; *P < 0.05.

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  Figure 2. Associations between glypican-4 levels and (a) prevalence of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, albuminuria, and chronic kidney disease at baseline or (b) incidence of newly diagnosed eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, albuminuria, and chronic kidney disease at follow up. Chronic kidney disease was attested in case of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] per standard deviation of log-transformed GPC4 were obtained by univariable (crude) and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, history of smoking, C-reactive protein, and significant coronary artery disease.