Analysis of the 802.11 CSMA/CA mechanism has received considerable attention recently. Bianchi (2000) presents an analytic model under a saturated traffic assumption. Bianchi's model is accurate, but typical network conditions are non-saturated. This paper presents an extension of Bianchi's model to a non-saturated environment. Its predictions are validated against simulation and are found to accurately capture many interesting features of non-saturated operation.
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Duffy et al. (2005) studied this question.
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