University-firm-government interactions in a knowledge-importing economy: implications based on the creation of the solar photovoltaic industry in Taiwan

University-firm-government interactions on industry dynamics have been widely discussed, accentuating the role of the government and universities. However, a case study of the solar photovoltaic industry in Taiwan reveals that pioneering firms play a leading role in the creation of an industry in a knowledge-importing economy, whereas government and universities stimulate further growth of the industry. This industry dynamic among university-firm-government enriches triple helix studies and is important for firms intending to initiate an industry and policy-makers in the field of science and technology in knowledge-importing economies.