Key result
A 4-year-old male presented with an atypical osteosarcoma involving the entire length of the humerus, demonstrating a rare diaphyseal presentation in this age group.
Case Report (n=1)
Osteosarcoma can present atypically in very young children with involvement of the entire diaphysis, highlighting the need to include it in the differential for aggressive pediatric bone tumors.
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Atypical osteosarcoma in toddlers may necessitate early amputation; leaves open standardized neoadjuvant strategies for this rare subgroup.
We present a 4-year-old male who presented with right arm mass and deformity following a fall onto his forearm. On imaging, the entire right humerus was involved by an aggressive, infiltrating process with associated extraosseous masses. This was proven to be osteosarcoma (OS) on biopsy. This is a rare diagnosis in this age group. The imaging features are also non-characteristic for OS wherein the entire length of the long bone is involved. OS should be included in the differential for aggressive bone tumors in the pediatric age group regardless of the known bimodal age distribution.
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Patel et al. (2025) conducted a case report in Osteosarcoma (n=1). Chemotherapy and amputation was evaluated. A 4-year-old male presented with an atypical osteosarcoma involving the entire length of the humerus, demonstrating a rare diaphyseal presentation in this age group.
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