Challenges in the appraisal and application of gene–environment interdependence

Recent molecular data and behavioural genetic findings add evidence in support of gene–environment interdependence. While it is clear that this new body of knowledge should influence current concepts and methods, it remains to be understood how, and in what specific circumstances, integration with existing science can be accomplished. Considerations on how to deal with some challenges arising from the appraisal of gene–environment interdependence are provided.