PID controller design for load frequency control: Past, Present and future challenges

In this paper, a brief literature review for the design of a PID controller for load frequency control (LFC) in power systems is presented. The transfer function models for various configurations of power systems are developed. For a systematic presentation of the review, the PID tuning schemes are categorised into soft computing techniques, robust control schemes, fractional order based PID design and internal model control (IMC) based PID design approaches. Due diligence has been taken to include all the design schemes. Further, the paper also enlists various future challenges that are still unresolved and can form the basis of future research work.