The backward branch of the electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave has been observed for the first time. The wave, which was driven by a phased antenna structure inserted in a neon plasma, exists in the parameter ranges 2Ti/mi≪(ω/k∥)2≪2Te/me, nΩi<ω<(n+1)Ωi, Te≳Ti, and ωpi>Ωi. Double-tip probe interferometry data agree with the theoretical dispersion relation. The antenna couples into the wave more readily on the side of the antenna where it has its smallest wavenumber.
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Goree et al. (1985) studied this question.
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