The influence on unethical behavior of (a) the probability of being caught and penalized, (b) level of self-esteem, (c) high time urgency, (d) hostility/aggression, (e) type A personality, (f) gender, and (g) GPA were explored to determine their impact on predispositions of students to cheat in a classroom situation. The most effective predictors of students cheating were the probability of being caught and penalized, high hostility/aggression characteristics, and gender, with male students reporting a higher propensity to engage in unethical behavior.
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Buckley et al. (1998) studied this question.
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