Effects of Curcumin C3 Complex® on Physical Function in Moderately Functioning Older Adults with Low-Grade Inflammation — A Pilot Trial

BACKGROUND: Natural dietary compounds that can modulate the inflammation process have the potential to improve physical function through a number of biological pathways, and thus may represent an alternative approach to avert functional decline compared to more time-burdening lifestyle interventions. In this pilot trial, we tested the feasibility and explored the effect of a nutritional compound, Curcumin C3 Complex® for improving physical function and muscle strength in moderately functioning older adults with low-grade inflammation. METHODS: Moderately functioning (short physical performance battery, SPPB <10) and sedentary older adults (>65 years) with low-grade systemic inflammation (c-reactive protein >1mg/dL) were randomized to receive Curcumin C3 Complex® (n=9) (1000mg/day) or placebo (n=8) groups for 12 weeks. All participants (age range: 66-94 years, 8 females and 9 males) underwent functional testing (SPPB and walking speed by the 400-meter walk test) and lower-limb strength (knee flexion and extension peak torque by the Biodex test) at baseline and 12 weeks. Venous blood was collected at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks for safety blood chemistry analyses and biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS: A total of 17 participants were randomized and completed the study. Adherence was high (> 90%) and there were no adverse events reported or abnormal blood chemistries reported. Based on effect sizes, participants in the Curcumin C3 Complex® group demonstrated large effect sizes in the SPPB (Cohen's effect size d=0.75) and measures of knee extension (d=0.69) and flexion peak torque (d=0.82). Effect sizes for galectin-3 (d=-0.31) (larger decrease) and interleukin-6 (d=0.38) (smaller increase) were small in the Curcumin C3 Complex® group compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: This pilot trial suggests that there were no difficulties with recruitment, adherence and safety specific to the study protocol. Preliminary findings warrant a Phase IIb clinical trial to test the effect of Curcumin C3 Complex® on physical function and muscle strength in older adults at risk for mobility disability.