Strategic management of technology in Japanese firms: literature review

This paper reviews literature on strategic management of technology in Japanese firms. The paper is divided into five sections, namely: technology strategy; inter-firm technological relations; knowledge management; new product development; and Japanese innovation system and policy. We examine literature on technology strategy, including, general strategy, studies on de facto standard, global technology strategy, and studies on small high-tech firms. Then, we investigate inter-firm relations, such as keiretsu and supplier management, technological alliances, spin-offs, and R&D consortia. Finally, we review studies on new product development processes and tools, and technology policy, followed by implications for further research.