Spinosad biopesticide alters functional parameters in the epididymis and spermatozoa of pubertal and adult rats: Exposure during juvenile and prepubertal periods

Since World War II, pesticide use has increased significantly. This study evaluated the effects of the biopesticide spinosad on the epididymis and sperm quality of Wistar rat exposed during the juvenile period. Male rats were divided into six groups (control, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg; immediate and delayed) and exposed between PND 25-65. On PND 66 and PND 131, the epididymides and spermatozoa were collected for immediate and delayed evaluations, respectively. The results indicate that sperm transit time showed an immediate increase, whereas a reduction was observed during the delayed period (0.2). Sperm motility showed an immediate reduction (2.0) and a decrease during the delayed period (0.2). Mitochondrial evaluation revealed reductions in both the immediate (0.2; 2.0) and delayed (2.0) periods, suggesting persistent impairment of mitochondrial function. Alterations in the antioxidant system indicate the involvement of oxidative stress. Therefore, results demonstrate that spinosad impairs epididymal function and sperm quality.