Modeling reveals the relationship between dielectric properties and radiation performance in Ku-band antennas, indicating material selection impacts efficiency.
Liquid crystal (LC) tunable microstrip patch antenna for enhanced Ku-band frequency is profoundly constrained by dielectric loss and inadequate material-level optimization. Despite extending interest in LC tunable systems, systematic correlations between dielectric anisotropy, loss tangent, and radiation characteristics persist underexplored. This work presents modelling, simulation-based analysis of a Ku-band (14.85 to 16.81 GHz) microstrip patch antenna integrated with engineered liquid crystal dielectrics, together with a broad comparative analysis of seven distinct LC compositions. Antenna characteristics are evaluated in terms of reflection coefficient (S 11 ), realized gain, and radiation efficiency etc. The results reveal a strong dependence of resonance matching and radiation performance on dielectric loss engineering and permittivity tunability. Among the investigated materials, the M-la composition achieves a minimum S 11 of –31.88 dB, a peak realized gain of 7.70 dB, and a radiation efficiency of 94%. This work establishes a direct simulation derived relationship between LC dielectric parameters and antenna behaviour at Ku-band, providing a material-selection framework for low-loss, high-efficiency, and reconfigurable microwave antenna systems.
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Sahu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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