The perturbed (2+1)-dimensional generalization of NLSE having the cubic-quintic law with nonlocal nonlinearity: Optical dromions and modulation instability

In the paper, we investigated optical soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional perturbed Biswas-Milovic model with cubic-quintic self-phase modulation including a nonlocal law using and the new Kudryashov and the unified Riccati equation expansion approaches. We derived bright and dark soliton structures and illustrated their characteristics through contour plot, two- and three-dimensional graphical representations for selected solution sets and parameter values. Moreover, we examined modulation instability for the suggested model, and revealing the significant influence of equation parameters on soliton dynamics. We showed that the suggested model, can support such soliton structures, emphasized its potential for modeling complex multidimensional nonlinear phenomena. These findings provide valuable insights into the physical and mathematical characteristics of nonlinear optical systems, offering a robust framework for future research in advanced soliton theory and applications.