Time series analysis of environmental factors and their association with emergency visits for asthma exacerbations in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

Background: The burden of respiratory conditions, especially asthma, is likely to increase with urbanisation and pollution unless effectively managed. Petaling Jaya, a metropolitan area, faced heightened risk due to worsening outdoor air pollution, which can trigger asthma exacerbations. We aimed to examine the relationships between environmental factors and emergency visits for asthma exacerbations. Methods: ) exposure on these visits. Conclusions: levels near or above current MAAQS thresholds, highlighting the potential benefit of aligning local air quality standards with stricter international guidelines. These results may support the value of targeted preventive measures and healthcare resource planning for asthma, though larger multi-year data sets are required to enhance statistical robustness.