Who gets to own? Building Black community wealth infrastructure in Ontario

Ontario does not lack Black participation. It lacks an explicit system for converting that participation into durable ownership — and the conversion points are identifiable, measurable, and designable. This is the eighth paper in IIBD's Community Wealth Infrastructure series. It applies the framework to one jurisdiction and one population: Black ownership in Ontario. Part of the Community Wealth Infrastructure Series (Working Paper No. 8), published by IIBD. Suggested citation: Williams, R., & Dillon, D. (2026). Who gets to own? Building Black community wealth infrastructure in Ontario (Community Wealth Infrastructure Series, Working Paper No. 8). IIBD.