The P2- and O3-Na 0.67 Co 0.33 Ti 0.67 O 2 cathodes undergo a very slow transformation during charge and discharge in sodium batteries due to a valence and spin-state transition of cobalt cations. As a result, a big potential hysteresis of 2.5–3 V arises.
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Mikhailova et al. (2022) studied this question.
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