Uncovering the spoilage metabolism of spoilage bacteria in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) under cold chain logistics: A novel perspective of amino acids degradation

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To characterize the spoilage potential of amino acid degradation and related quality changes attributed to microorganisms, three large yellow croaker spoilage bacteria were inoculated to fillets ( in vivo ) and amino acid solutions ( in vitro ). The results showed that Aeromonas salmonicida exhibited stronger potential for the accumulation of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides and deamidation activities and produced 174.23 μg/g ammonia on fillets on day 10.5, with the highest total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value of 22.39 mg/100 g. Pseudomonas fluorescens exhibited an active ability to utilizing glucose and lactate. Meanwhile, Shewanella putrefaciens had potent in ornithine and lysine decarboxylation activities (1106.59 and 1378.45 U/kg) and putrescine producing activities, releasing 21.83 mg/kg putrescine in fillets. The arginine decarboxylase pathway was evaluated as the most effective pathway to putrescine production for spoilage bacteria. This study provided insights into spoilage mechanisms and the development of quality control measures for seafood during cold chain logistics.