Key result
In a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction, significant alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine gene expression were detectable as early as 1 hour post-infarction.
Why the study?
Early and accurate AMI diagnosis is fundamental to reduce mortality, prompting the identification of very early immune-related biomarkers to predict myocardial infarction severity.
Do peripheral blood lymphocyte alterations and cytokine expressions change at 1 hour post-myocardial infarction in a swine model?
Do peripheral blood lymphocyte alterations and cytokine expressions change at 1 hour post-myocardial infarction in a swine model?
p-value: p=<0.001
Peripheral blood lymphocyte alterations and cytokine expression changes are detectable as early as 1 hour post-myocardial infarction in a swine model and correlate with later cardiac injury markers, suggesting their potential as early diagnostic biomarkers.
May inform preclinical AMI biomarker studies; leaves open translation to human clinical use.
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most deleterious conditions leading to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The importance of an early and accurate diagnosis assures immediate medical treatments, which are fundamental to reduce mortality and improve prognoses. AMI is associated to an inflammatory response which includes the increase of circulating inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and immune cell activation. This study aimed to identify which are the very early immune-related biomarkers that may be used as predictors of myocardial infarction severity. In order to mimic the pathophysiological events involved in human myocardial infarction, a temporary occlusion (90 min) of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in a swine animal model. RESULTS: Lymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood revealed significant alterations in CD4+/CD8+ ratio and naïve and effector/memory T cell percentages at 1 h post-myocardial infarction. Changes in TH1/TH2-related cytokine, monocyte and neutrophil markers gene expression were observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well. Additionally, significant correlations between cardiac parameters (cardiac enzymes, left ventricular ejection fraction and % infarct) and blood-derived parameters (cytokine expression and lymphocyte subset distribution) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral blood lymphocyte alterations are easily and swiftly detectable, so they may be good biomarkers for a very early prognosis and to predict myocardial infarction severity.
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López et al. (2019) studied Acute myocardial infarction (n=12). 90-minute balloon occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery vs. Baseline (pre-infarction) was evaluated on Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine gene expression at 1 hour post-infarction (p=<0.001). In a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction, significant alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine gene expression were detectable as early as 1 hour post-infarction.
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