Key result
Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, neoplasia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases are inter-related risk factors that all contribute to causing chronic kidney disease.
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Design
Review
Inter-related CKD risk factors warrant multifactorial assessment; leaves open integrated prognostic models in cardiovascular patients.
CKD may be caused by a variety of risk factors including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, neoplasia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. These diseases are inter-related, and all contribute to causing CKD.
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Zoccali et al. (2023) studied this question. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, neoplasia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases are inter-related risk factors that all contribute to causing chronic kidney disease.
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