Ultra-low loading of platinum in proton exchange membrane-based fuel cells: a brief review

This review report summarizes different synthesis methods of PEM-based fuel cell catalysts with a focus on ultra-low loading of Pt catalysts. It also demonstrates fuel cell performances with ultra-low loading of Pt catalysts which have been reported so far, and suggests a combination method of synthesis for an efficient fuel cell performance at a low loading of Pt catalyst. Here, maximum mass-specific power density (MSPD) values are calculated from various reported performance values and are discussed, and compared with the Department of Energy (DOE) 2020 target values.