Importance of Capacity Balancing on The Electrochemical Performance of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O₂ (NCM811)/Silicon Full Cells

In recent years, both silicon thin films and nickel-rich layered oxides have received much attention as promising anode or cathode materials for next generation lithium ion batteries, respectively. In this work, full cells containing Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ]O 2 (NCM811) as cathode in combination with amorphous columnar silicon thin films as anode are evaluated in coin cells and 3-electrode cells with varying capacity balancing. Full cells with area capacity ratios of negative to positive electrodes (n/p-ratio) reaching from 1.15 : 1 to 2.70 : 1 are studied. The cells with a high n/p-ratio (2.00 : 1 and 2.70 : 1) show significantly lower specific capacity of 115 mA h g NCM −1 after 50 cycles of galvanostatic cycling in comparison to 130 mA h g NCM −1 for a cell with a n/p-ratio of 1.15 : 1. One reason for this phenomenon is the decline of the initial coulombic efficiency with increasing n/p-ratios. Secondly, through only partial utilization of the silicon anode by using high n/p-ratios, the anode potential is increased at the end of charge. This leads to a higher cathode potential and therefore a faster degradation of the cell. In summary, for designing high performance NCM811/Si full cells, high n/p-ratios should be avoided.