Modeling the Convective Transport of Trace Gases by Deep and Moist Convection

This article presents a parameterization of subgrid-scale convective transport of trace gases and particles associated with deep and moist convection systems for low-resolution atmospheric models. The parameterization is based on the "top-hat" method and has been coupled to the cumulus parameterization scheme of the RAMS-CSU model. It has been used for long-range transport studies of emissions associated with biomass burning over South America. Theoretical and numerical approaches are presented, and a simple conservative and positive definite scheme numerical is introduced. A case study of vertical and deep transport of smoke associated with the approach of a mid-latitude front in southern Brazil is also presented, depicting the main processes responsible for the transfer of biomass burning emissions from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere.