Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in eggs consumed in eastern Iran

This study investigated the molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in free-range eggs (traditional eggs produced non-industrially in Birjand villages) and industrial production eggs (packaged eggs from industrial facilities) in Birjand. A total of 120 egg samples (60 local and 60 industrial) were collected from Birjand retail stores. The contents were pooled, centrifuged in sterile tubes, and the resulting pellets were stored at −20 °C for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted using a DNA extraction kit and analyzed via Nested-PCR targeting the B1 gene. Data were evaluated using SPSS 27.0, with a chi-square test assessing infection frequency against study variables. Of the 120 samples, 9 (7.5%; 95% CI 4.0–13.6) tested positive for T. gondii DNA, including 3 (5.0%; 95% CI 1.7–13.6) from free-range eggs and 6 (10.0%; 95% CI 4.7–20.1) from industrial production eggs, with no significant association with egg type ( P > 0.05). These findings indicate the presence of T. gondii DNA in edible eggs, particularly from industrial settings, highlighting zoonotic risks and the need for enhanced food safety protocols. To mitigate transmission, we recommend thorough egg cooking and improved hygiene in poultry environments within a comprehensive One Health strategy.