Quality and reliability of youtube videos on CPAP, BiPAP, and non-invasive ventilation: a cross-sectional content analysis

Correct use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and positive airway pressure devices (CPAP/BiPAP) is essential for treatment effectiveness and patient adherence. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, quality, and patient education–related characteristics of YouTube videos about CPAP, BiPAP, and NIV devices. This cross-sectional content analysis evaluated YouTube videos related to CPAP, BiPAP, and NIV devices. A YouTube search was conducted between January 10 and February 10, 2026, using the keywords “CPAP tutorial,” “BiPAP settings,” and “non-invasive ventilation device.” The first 50 results for each keyword were screened, and 73 videos met the inclusion criteria. Videos were categorized as individual or institutional uploads. Two independent experts evaluated the videos using DISCERN, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27. Among the 73 videos, 49.3% were uploaded by individual users and 50.7% by institutional sources. According to PEMAT-A/V, 60.3% of the videos demonstrated low levels of understandability and actionability. Median scores were GQS 4 (3–4), DISCERN 57 (49–64), and PEMAT-A/V 68 (63–74). Institutional videos had significantly higher subscriber counts, views, and GQS, DISCERN, and PEMAT-A/V scores. Video duration showed positive correlations with views, likes, and DISCERN scores. Inter-rater reliability was high for DISCERN and PEMAT-A/V but poor for JAMA; therefore, JAMA-related findings should be interpreted cautiously. YouTube videos related to CPAP, BiPAP, and NIV generally demonstrated moderate quality, but many provided limited patient education value. Content produced by institutional sources was associated with higher quality and better patient education metrics. These findings highlight the importance of developing more standardized and patient-centered online educational materials. Not applicable.