Fabrication of Microwell Arrays Based on Two-Dimensional Ordered Polystyrene Microspheres for High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis

This paper describes a method of fabricating rounded bottom microwell arrays (MA) in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by molding a monolayer of ordered polystyrene (PS) microspheres. PS microspheres were self-assembled on a glass slide and partially melted mainly from the bottom at 240 °C to increase adhesive force with the substrate. The partially melted PS arrays were used as master to generate MA. Microwell sizes are tunable in the 10-20 μm range with rounded bottoms; such a 3D structure is not readily obtainable through conventional soft lithography. Both adherent and nonadherent cell types can be retained in the microwells with high efficiency. As a demonstration of the advantage of real-time cell screening with this MA, single cell enzyme kinetic analysis was also carried out on trapped single cells. The PDMS MA may find applications in high-throughput drug screening, guided formation of cell clusters, and multicellular communication.