Photophysics of metal halide perovskites: From materials to devices

Metal halide perovskites can be easily fabricated with low-temperature solution processes, and they are a promising class of materials for solar cells, light emitters, and nonlinear optical devices. The perovskites are direct-gap semiconductors with sharp absorption edges and a highly efficient luminescence with no Stokes shift. In addition, the perovskites exhibit superior optoelectronic properties such as efficient photon recycling and long free-carrier diffusion. In this review, we discuss the fundamental optical properties of bulk crystals and the operation principles of heterodiode devices based on these novel functional materials.