Effects of antenna orientation on 3-D ground penetrating radar surveys: an archaeological perspective

This paper investigates the impact that the GPR antenna orientation, or survey direction, has migrated image resulting from 3-D georadar acquisitions carried out on heterogeneous anisotropic subsurface. This feature is related to the directional dependency of wave effects, such as dispersion, absorption, depolarization, and scattering phenomena. provide a proof of this with two field examples, demonstrating that a 3-D survey performed a single direction could bringweak results in terms of target detection and reconstruction. overcome this risk, we show the improvements that the combination of GPR 3-D data along different directions on the same area can obtain: an enhancement of target probability and the practical advantage for the end-user of looking through a single. Further on, we develop a stacking scheme that employs a threshold associated with comparison to adaptively handle the combination of georadar data volumes.