(1) The African toad (Xenopus laevis) responds to the injection of pineal extract by a contraction of melanophores, in a manner similar to that previously described for amphibian tadpoles, prior to metamorphosis. This response is suggested as the basis for a simple assay of mammalian pineal body. (2) Preliminary chemical studies suggest that the melanophore contracting substance is a relatively stable, low molecular weight compound.
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Bors et al. (1951) studied this question.