Key result
Among adult CKD patients prescribed RAAS inhibitors, the incidence of clinically significant hyperkalemia was 3.1 per 100 person-years, leading to RAASi medication changes in 46.6% of affected patients.
Why the study?
Data on hyperkalemia frequency among patients with CKD receiving RAASis and its impact on subsequent RAASi therapy are limited.
Cohort (n=20,184)
Yes
Effect estimate: 3.1 per 100 person-years (95% CI 2.9-3.2)
In adult CKD patients on RAAS inhibitors, clinically significant hyperkalemia is common and frequently leads to discontinuation or dose reduction of RAASi therapy.
Warrants vigilant hyperkalemia monitoring in RAASi-treated CKD; leaves open optimal prevention strategies.
Data on hyperkalemia frequency among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) and its impact on subsequent RAASi treatment are limited. This population-based cohort study sought to assess the incidence of clinically significant hyperkalemia among adult CKD patients who were prescribed a RAASi and the proportion of patients with RAASi medication change after experiencing incident hyperkalemia. We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study (1 January 2013-30 June 2017) using Australian national general practice data from the NPS MedicineWise's MedicineInsight program. The study included adults aged ≥18 years who received ≥1 RAASi prescription during the study period and had CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73m2). Study outcomes included incident clinically significant hyperkalemia (serum potassium >6 mmol/L or a record of hyperkalemia diagnosis) and among patients who experienced incident hyperkalemia, the proportion who had RAASi medication changes (cessation or dose reduction during the 210-day period after the incident hyperkalemia event). Among 20,184 CKD patients with a median follow-up of 3.9 years, 1,992 (9.9%) patients experienced an episode of hyperkalemia. The overall incidence rate was 3.1 (95% CI: 2.9-3.2) per 100 person-years. Rates progressively increased with worsening eGFR (e.g. 3.5-fold increase in patients with eGFR <15 vs. 45-59 ml/min/1.73m2). Among patients who experienced incident hyperkalemia, 46.6% had changes made to their RAASi treatment regimen following the first occurrence of hyperkalemia (discontinuation: 36.6% and dose reduction: 10.0%). In this analysis of adult RAASi users with CKD, hyperkalemia and subsequent RAASi treatment changes were common. Further assessment of strategies for hyperkalemia management and optimal RAASi use among people with CKD are warranted.
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Jun et al. (2019) conducted a cohort in Chronic kidney disease (n=20,184). Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) was evaluated on Incident clinically significant hyperkalemia (serum potassium >6 mmol/L or diagnosis) (3.1 per 100 person-years, 95% CI 2.9-3.2). Among adult CKD patients prescribed RAAS inhibitors, the incidence of clinically significant hyperkalemia was 3.1 per 100 person-years, leading to RAASi medication changes in 46.6% of affected patients.
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