Serological evidence of hepatitis B virus exposure and vaccination coverage trends in health sciences students in Albania

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus remains an important occupational risk for healthcare trainees. Objective serology can verify protection and inform pre-placement clearance policies. AIM To assess hepatitis B vaccination status, occupational exposure, and serological protection among health sciences students in Albania. METHODS Cross-sectional study (April-June 2024) at the University of Vlore. Students completed a structured questionnaire (n = 152); a consenting subset provided blood samples for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs) testing (n = 134). Group comparisons used χ 2/Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression for seroprotection (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L). RESULTS All tested participants were hepatitis B surface antigen negative (n = 134). Overall, 86.6% had protective anti-HBs (≥ 10 IU/L), including 76.2% with titers > 100 IU/L; 13.4% had anti-HBs < 10 IU/L. Needlestick/sharps injuries were reported during training, supporting the need for standardized clearance and reporting pathways. CONCLUSION Most students had serological protection, but a meaningful minority lacked protective titers. Universities and training sites should implement pre-placement HB clearance with documented vaccination, mandatory anti-HBs testing, and structured catch-up/booster pathways.