The platelet “sugar high” in diabetes

visualize and investigate erythroblasts undergoing these evanescent events.They provide evidence that a tubulin network forms before enucleation and is associated with eccentric polarization of the nucleus within the erythroblast.Subsequently, an actin/myosin ring, mediated by Rac GTPases, is visualized and found to be partially necessary for efficient enucleation to occur.Taking cues from the study of cytokinesis, the authors also find that lipid rafts are distributed between the nascient reticulocyte and pyrenocyte and that inhibition of lipid raft organization decreased enucleation rates, suggesting a functional role for lipid rafts in the enucleation process.The studies presented here argue for several similarities between the processes of cytokinesis and enucleation, because both involve the physical action of microtubules, as well as an actin-myosin ring, and result in the generation of 2 daughter cells.Future studies are needed to continue to define not only the similarities but also the differences between cyto-kinesis and erythroblast enucleation.What are the specific myosin isoforms present in erythroblasts and how do they physically interact with actin?Are actin/myosin polymerization and lipid raft formation connected to endocytic vesicle trafficking?Is there a role for mitochondria, which have also been found to line up at the junction between the nascent reticulocyte and pyrenocyte, in the enucleation process? 10 Finally, can studies of other enucleating cell types, such as keratinocytes and lens epithelium, shed light on the mechanisms by which embryonic, fetal, and postnatal mammalian erythroblasts generate both pyrenocytes destined for a rapid demise and reticulocytes destined to remodel their membrane cytoskeleton and digest away their remaining organelles to become a fully functional red cell?