PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent developments in the role of soluble mediators of inflammation, particularly arachidonic acid metabolites, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). RECENT FINDINGS: The role of prostaglandin E2 in immune regulation has been better defined. Prostaglandin E2 promotes not only immune tolerance and epithelial homeostasis but also the proinflammatory Th17 pathway. Prostaglandin D2 has been established as promoting the resolution of inflammation in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The 12-lipoxygenase product hepoxilin A3 mediates the migration of neutrophils from the mucosa into the lumen. SUMMARY: Recent studies of soluble mediators, especially arachidonic acid metabolites, have defined their proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles in IBD.
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William F. Stenson (2014) studied this question.
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