Optimal Multi-Period Dispatch of Distributed Energy Resources in Unbalanced Distribution Feeders

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the multi-period optimal dispatch of deterministic inverter-interfaced energy storage in an unbalanced distribution feeder with significant solar PV penetration. The three-phase, non-convex loss-minimization problem is formulated as a convex second-order cone program (SOCP) for the dispatch of batteries in a receding-horizon fashion in order to counter against the variable, renewable generation. The solution of the SOCP is used to initialize a nonlinear program (NLP) in order to ensure a physically realizable solution. The phenomenon of simultaneous charging and discharging of batteries is rigorously analyzed and conditions are derived that guarantee it is avoided. Simulation scenarios are implemented with GridLab-D for the IEEE-13 and IEEE-123 node test feeders and illustrate not only AC feasibility of the solution, but also near-optimal performance and solve-times within a minute.