Recovery of microindents in a nickel–titanium shape-memory alloy: A “self-healing” effect

The thermally induced recovery of microscopic deformation in a nickel–titanium shape-memory alloy was examined. Surface deformation was simulated by indenting the alloy in the martensite phase at room temperature using both spherical and pyramidal indenters. We show that deformation in spherical microindents can be almost completely reversed by moderate heating. Partial recovery was observed for pyramidal impressions formed by a Vickers indenter and the recovery ratio was independent of the indentation depth. The observations were rationalized using the concept of representative strain and maximum stress under the spherical and pyramidal indenters.